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Hamburg was part of the Hanseatic League, a medieval group of towns with linked merchant guilds (Hansa). Some links for further reading:
http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0822651.html
http://www2.hsu-hh.de/PWEB/hisfrn/hanse.html
The latter explains (at the end) why Lübeck, Bremen, and Hamburg assumed the official title of "Free and Hanseatic cities" long after the Hansa and the League were gone. |